Double acting ship


A double acting ship is a type of icebreaking ship designed to travel forwards in open water and thin ice, but turn around and proceed astern (backwards) in heavy ice conditions. In this way, the ship can operate independently in severe ice conditions without icebreaker assistance but retain better open water performance than traditional icebreaking vessels.[1]

Double acting ships carrying liquid cargo are generally referred as double acting tankers. In the early 1990s Kværner Masa-Yards Arctic Technology Centre (MARC) developed the concept for oil transportation between the Russian Arctic and Europe and the first double acting tanker, Finnish crude oil tanker Tempera, was delivered in 2002.[1][2]

  1. ^ a b Juurmaa, K et al.: The development of the new double acting ships for ice operation. Kvaerner Masa-Yards Arctic Technology, 2001 Archived March 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine and 2002 Archived September 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ Mastera/Tempera Archived September 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Neste Oil. Retrieved 2010-06-07.