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In golf, the putting green, or simply the green, is an area specifically prepared for putting. On a golf course, the green is defined as an open space of smooth turf at the end of the fairway containing the hole. The green is distinguishable by its level surface and smoothest possible texture, manageable by greenskeepers often through methods of mowing or rolling. Contrary to the to the courser rough surrounding the bounds of the fairway, the green contains short-cut grass ideal for the play of a stroke of the eponymous "putter" club. In the rules of golf, the dimensions and distance of a putting green vary and often constitutes the determination of par through the length of each hole from the teeing ground to the green. The placement of adjacent hazards positioned near slopes or ridges along the putting area contributes to the use "reading" to determine the degree of influence of the terrain on the green while putting.
Small-scale "putting courses", such as that used in miniature golf, use artificial surfaces as course greens exclusively for putting. In links, the usage of "double greens", sharing the same surface of the green for two separate holes, can seen in course such as St Andrews in Scotland; "dual greens" in Japan uses two separate putting greens for a single hole, enabling its usage throughout country's alternating climate.[1] In Scottish links, the term 'fairgreen', was initially used in reference to the modern 'fairway', particularly for similar turf quality to the modern putting green.[2] Since their initial development in golf during the early 18th century, the usage of irrigation systems and horticultural practices distinguishes the green's conservation from its adjacent course sections on account of the area's significance for course play. In continuity with par, particular deviations in the architecture of putting greens contributes to the difficulty of the course; the variation in putting greens produces much of the strategies used in putting.
- ^ USGA, p. 1.
- ^ Scottish Golf History, p. 1.