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Comment: This draft appears to largely overlap with synchronous motor. It contains considerable new information that should be added to the existing article. It does not appear that a separate article is needed. This draft has information that is not in the article and should be added to the article. The article has information that is not in this draft. Please compare and combine the draft and the article.You may ask for advice about comparing and combining a draft and an article at the Teahouse. Robert McClenon (talk) 14:25, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
A synchronous machine is a rotating electrical machine in which the rotor (also: rotor) synchronous with the rotating field of the stator (also: stator).[1] Synchronous machines are often designed as three-phase machines, i.e. as three-phase synchronous machines. The synchronous machine bears its name because of the operating characteristic that its rotor rotates synchronously with the rotating field specified by the mains frequency. This distinguishes synchronous machines from asynchronous machines, whose rotor lags the rotating field in motor operation and leads it in generator operation. A further distinguishing feature is that, in contrast to asynchronous machines, an additional excitation field is required for the operation of synchronous machines.[2]
In principle, every synchronous machine can be operated as an electric motor and an electric generator.
Synchronous generators are used in the energy industry to provide electrical energy over a wide power range. They simultaneously supply active power and reactive power (generally from inductive cos phi 0.8 to capacitive cos phi 0.9 or as a so-called phase shifter, which only supplies reactive power) and meet the requirements of the transmission system operator for the electricity grid. The reactive power behavior is influenced by the excitation current.[3] The synchronous generator is connected to the grid by the synchronization process. In generator mode, the machine generally runs at a relatively constant speed, depending on the mains frequency.
Synchronous motors are widely used as drive machines in industry, for example as drives for ships and trains or for pumps and compressors. In contrast to generators, synchronous motors often have to be variable in speed. In order to be able to control the speed of a synchronous motor continuously, power electronics such as a frequency converter is used.[4] A rotary encoder (line encoder, resolver) constantly records the change in rotor position during operation. The control electronics use this to determine the actual speed. Under load, the rotor of the synchronous motor follows the rotating field at a load-dependent pole wheel angle. In generator mode, the pole wheel angle is positive in the direction of rotation, i.e. it leads.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
IEC60050was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Rolf Fischer: . 14. Auflage. Carl Hanser Verlag, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-446-41754-0, p. 291 ff.
- ^ Rolf Fischer: . 14. Auflage. Carl Hanser Verlag, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-446-41754-0, p. 313 ff. .
- ^ Rolf Fischer: . 14. Auflage. Carl Hanser Verlag, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-446-41754-0, p. 324 ff.