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Yefremov's School is a literary movement whose representatives, from the second half of the 1970s, gathered around the editorial board for fantasy literature of the publishing house Molodaya Gvardiya, headed by Yuri Medvedev in 1973-1978 and by Vladimir Shcherbakov (who always denied his connection with the "school") in 1978-1992.
In the first half of the 1970s, Soviet literature, both mainstream and fantasy, experienced a split rooted in cultural-ideological (Westerners — Pochvenniki), ideological (Scientism — New Age) and economic spheres: under the conditions of a planned economy, different groups of writers fought for the volume of publishing plans. Molodaya Gvardiya had a virtual monopoly on publishing fiction, and the publishing houses Detskaya Literatura and Znanie had unofficial quotas for publishing fiction. Under Medvedev's leadership, the so-called Yefremov's School (the term appeared in the next decade) emerged, named in honour of the science fiction writer I. A. Yefremov, who died in 1972. Medvedev claimed to develop the themes of Yefremov's works, especially those related to ancient history and esotericism. Yefremov's School was also the name of the All-Union Creative Association Of Young Fiction Writers of the publishing house Molodaya Gvardiya (existed in 1987-1991), which was opposed by its creators to the "fourth wave" of Soviet fiction associated with the work of Strugatsky.[1]
In the second half of the 1980s, the Yefremov's School united about 80% of Soviet science fiction writers, science fiction critics, bibliographers, and activists of amateur science fiction clubs.[2] The literary production of the writers of the Yefremov's School received mostly negative reviews from both Soviet and expatriate critics. Alexander Bushkov, Vasily Golovachev and Yuri Nikitin began their writing careers in the Shcherbakov editorial office of the Molodaya Gvardiya, and Vasily Zvyagintsev began his writing career in the All-Union Creative Association Of Young Fiction Writers.