Dual graviton

Dual graviton
CompositionElementary particle
FamilyGauge boson
InteractionsGravitation
StatusHypothetical
AntiparticleSelf
Theorized2000s[1][2]
Electric charge0 e
Spin2
String theory
Fundamental objects
Perturbative theory
Non-perturbative results
Phenomenology
Mathematics
Related concepts
Theorists
Beyond the Standard Model
Simulated Large Hadron Collider CMS particle detector data depicting a Higgs boson produced by colliding protons decaying into hadron jets and electrons
Standard Model
Evidence
Theories
Supersymmetry
Quantum gravity
Experiments

In theoretical physics, the dual graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that is a dual of the graviton under electric-magnetic duality, as an S-duality, predicted by some formulations of eleven-dimensional supergravity.[3]

The dual graviton was first hypothesized in 1980.[4] It was theoretically modeled in 2000s,[1][2] which was then predicted in eleven-dimensional mathematics of SO(8) supergravity in the framework of electric-magnetic duality.[3] It again emerged in the E11 generalized geometry in eleven dimensions,[5] and the E7 generalized vielbein-geometry in eleven dimensions.[6] While there is no local coupling between graviton and dual graviton, the field introduced by dual graviton may be coupled to a BF model as non-local gravitational fields in extra dimensions.[7]

A massive dual gravity of Ogievetsky–Polubarinov model[8] can be obtained by coupling the dual graviton field to the curl of its own energy-momentum tensor.[9][10]

The previously mentioned theories of dual graviton are in flat space. In de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces (A)dS, the massless dual graviton exhibits less gauge symmetries dynamics compared with those of Curtright field in flat space, hence the mixed-symmetry field propagates in more degrees of freedom.[11] However, the dual graviton in (A)dS transforms under GL(D) representation, which is identical to that of massive dual graviton in flat space.[12] This apparent paradox can be resolved using the unfolding technique in Brink, Metsaev, and Vasiliev conjecture.[13][14] For the massive dual graviton in (A)dS, the flat limit is clarified after expressing dual field in terms of the Stueckelberg coupling of a massless spin-2 field with a Proca field.[11]

  1. ^ a b Hull, C. M. (2001). "Duality in Gravity and Higher Spin Gauge Fields". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2001 (9): 27. arXiv:hep-th/0107149. Bibcode:2001JHEP...09..027H. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2001/09/027.
  2. ^ a b Bekaert, X.; Boulanger, N.; Henneaux, M. (2003). "Consistent deformations of dual formulations of linearized gravity: A no-go result". Physical Review D. 67 (4): 044010. arXiv:hep-th/0210278. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..67d4010B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.67.044010. S2CID 14739195.
  3. ^ a b de Wit, B.; Nicolai, H. (2013). "Deformations of gauged SO(8) supergravity and supergravity in eleven dimensions". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2013 (5): 77. arXiv:1302.6219. Bibcode:2013JHEP...05..077D. doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2013)077. S2CID 119201330.
  4. ^ Curtright, T. (1985). "Generalised Gauge Fields". Physics Letters B. 165 (4–6): 304. Bibcode:1985PhLB..165..304C. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(85)91235-3.
  5. ^ West, P. (2012). "Generalised geometry, eleven dimensions and E11". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2012 (2): 18. arXiv:1111.1642. Bibcode:2012JHEP...02..018W. doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2012)018. S2CID 119240022.
  6. ^ Godazgar, H.; Godazgar, M.; Nicolai, H. (2014). "Generalised geometry from the ground up". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2014 (2): 75. arXiv:1307.8295. Bibcode:2014JHEP...02..075G. doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2014)075.
  7. ^ Bizdadea, C.; Cioroianu, E. M.; Danehkar, A.; Iordache, M.; Saliu, S. O.; Sararu, S. C. (2009). "Consistent interactions of dual linearized gravity in D = 5: couplings with a topological BF model". European Physical Journal C. 63 (3): 491–519. arXiv:0908.2169. Bibcode:2009EPJC...63..491B. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1105-0. S2CID 15873396.
  8. ^ Ogievetsky, V. I; Polubarinov, I. V (1965-11-01). "Interacting field of spin 2 and the einstein equations". Annals of Physics. 35 (2): 167–208. Bibcode:1965AnPhy..35..167O. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(65)90077-1. ISSN 0003-4916.
  9. ^ Alshal, H.; Curtright, T. L. (2019-09-10). "Massive dual gravity in N spacetime dimensions". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2019 (9): 63. arXiv:1907.11537. Bibcode:2019JHEP...09..063A. doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2019)063. ISSN 1029-8479. S2CID 198953238.
  10. ^ Curtright, T. L.; Alshal, H. (2019-10-01). "Massive dual spin 2 revisited". Nuclear Physics B. 948: 114777. arXiv:1907.11532. Bibcode:2019NuPhB.94814777C. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114777. ISSN 0550-3213. S2CID 198953158.
  11. ^ a b Boulanger, N.; Campoleoni, A.; Cortese, I. (July 2018). "Dual actions for massless, partially-massless and massive gravitons in (A)dS". Physics Letters B. 782: 285–290. arXiv:1804.05588. Bibcode:2018PhLB..782..285B. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.046. S2CID 54826796.
  12. ^ Basile, Thomas; Bekaert, Xavier; Boulanger, Nicolas (2016-06-21). "Note about a pure spin-connection formulation of general relativity and spin-2 duality in (A)dS". Physical Review D. 93 (12): 124047. arXiv:1512.09060. Bibcode:2016PhRvD..93l4047B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.124047. ISSN 2470-0010. S2CID 55583084.
  13. ^ Brink, L.; Metsaev, R.R.; Vasiliev, M.A. (October 2000). "How massless are massless fields in AdS". Nuclear Physics B. 586 (1–2): 183–205. arXiv:hep-th/0005136. Bibcode:2000NuPhB.586..183B. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(00)00402-8. S2CID 119512854.
  14. ^ Basile, Thomas; Bekaert, Xavier; Boulanger, Nicolas (May 2017). "Mixed-symmetry fields in de Sitter space: a group theoretical glance". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2017 (5): 81. arXiv:1612.08166. Bibcode:2017JHEP...05..081B. doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2017)081. ISSN 1029-8479. S2CID 119185373.