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51°47′N 6°8′E / 51.783°N 6.133°E
County (Duchy) of Cleves | |||||||||
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| 1020–1795 | |||||||||
 Banner of Cleves-Mark
(Beyeren Armorial)  Coat of arms
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.svg) Map of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (around 1560), Duchy of Cleves highlighted in Red | |||||||||
| Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Cleves | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | |||||||||
| Government | Duchy | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Dietrich I first Count of Cleves | 1020 | ||||||||
• United with Mark | 1391 | ||||||||
• Raised to duchy | 1417 | ||||||||
| 1521 | |||||||||
• To Brandenburg | 1614 | ||||||||
| 1795 | |||||||||
• Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg | 1815 | ||||||||
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The Duchy of Cleves (German: Herzogtum Kleve; Dutch: Hertogdom Kleef) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval Hettergau. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west. Its history is closely related to that of its southern neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich and Berg, as well as Guelders and the Westphalian county of Mark. The Duchy was archaically known as Cleveland in English.
The duchy's territory roughly covered the present-day German districts of Cleves (northern part), Wesel and the city of Duisburg, as well as adjacent parts of the Limburg, North Brabant and Gelderland provinces in the Netherlands.