| Duchy of Livonia Herzogtum Livland (German) Uždauguvio kunigaikštystė (Lithuanian) Księstwo Zadźwińskie (Polish) Ducatus Ultradunensis (Latin) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vassal of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | |||||||||||||
| 1561–1629 | |||||||||||||
.png) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions after the 1618 Truce of Deulino, superimposed on present-day national borders. Livonia here is coloured dark grey, upper-right, over modern Estonia and Latvia. Swedish Estonia is coloured green.[1] | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Fellin (Viljandi) | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
| • Coordinates | 58°22′N 25°36′E / 58.367°N 25.600°E | ||||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||||
| • Type | Principality | ||||||||||||
| Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland | |||||||||||||
• 1561–1572 | Sigismund II Augustus | ||||||||||||
• 1573–1575 | Henry III de Valois | ||||||||||||
• 1576–1586 | Stephen Báthory and Anna Jagiellon | ||||||||||||
• 1588–1621 | Sigismund III Vasa | ||||||||||||
| Governor | |||||||||||||
• 1566–1578 | Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Early Modern Age | ||||||||||||
| 28 November 1561 | |||||||||||||
| 1620–1622 | |||||||||||||
| 25 September 1629 | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
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The Duchy of Livonia,[2][a] also referred to as Polish Livonia or Livonia,[b] was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that existed from 1561 to 1621. It corresponds to the present-day areas of northern Latvia and southern Estonia.
- ^ Although colored green, the island of Oesel was not part of Sweden until 1645 and belonged to Danish Crown. It was ceded to Sweden along with Gotland after signing the Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645).
- ^ Brand, Hanno (2005). Trade, Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange: Continuity and Change in the North. p. 17. ISBN 90-6550-881-3.
- ^ Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past. p. 176. ISBN 978-963-9116-42-9.
- ^ Plakans, Andrejs (2011). A Concise History of the Baltic States. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-521-54155-8.
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