Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1, also known as hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2α)) is a protein that is encoded by the EPAS1 gene in mammals. It is a type of hypoxia-inducible factor, a group of transcription factors involved in the physiological response to oxygen concentration.[5][6][7][8] The gene is active under hypoxic conditions. It is also important in the development of the heart, and for maintaining the catecholamine balance required for protection of the heart. Mutation often leads to neuroendocrine tumors.
However, several characterized alleles of EPAS1 contribute to high-altitude adaptation in humans.[9][10] One such allele, which has been inherited from Denisovan archaic hominins, is known to confer increased athletic performance in some people, and has therefore been referred to as the "super athlete gene".[11]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116016 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024140 – Ensembl, May 2017
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- ^ Tian H, McKnight SL, Russell DW (January 1997). "Endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), a transcription factor selectively expressed in endothelial cells". Genes & Development. 11 (1): 72–82. doi:10.1101/gad.11.1.72. PMID 9000051.
- ^ Hogenesch JB, Chan WK, Jackiw VH, Brown RC, Gu YZ, Pray-Grant M, Perdew GH, Bradfield CA (March 1997). "Characterization of a subset of the basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS superfamily that interacts with components of the dioxin signaling pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8581–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8581. PMID 9079689.
- ^ Percy MJ, Beer PA, Campbell G, Dekker AW, Green AR, Oscier D, Rainey MG, van Wijk R, Wood M, Lappin TR, McMullin MF, Lee FS (June 2008). "Novel exon 12 mutations in the HIF2A gene associated with erythrocytosis". Blood. 111 (11): 5400–2. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-02-137703. PMC 2396730. PMID 18378852.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: EPAS1 endothelial PAS domain protein 1".
- ^ Yi X, Liang Y, Huerta-Sanchez E, Jin X, Cuo ZX, Pool JE, Xu X, Jiang H, Vinckenbosch N, Korneliussen TS, Zheng H, Liu T, He W, Li K, Luo R, Nie X, Wu H, Zhao M, Cao H, Zou J, Shan Y, Li S, Yang Q, Ni P, Tian G, Xu J, Liu X, Jiang T, Wu R, Zhou G, Tang M, Qin J, Wang T, Feng S, Li G, Luosang J, Wang W, Chen F, Wang Y, Zheng X, Li Z, Bianba Z, Yang G, Wang X, Tang S, Gao G, Chen Y, Luo Z, Gusang L, Cao Z, Zhang Q, Ouyang W, Ren X, Liang H, Zheng H, Huang Y, Li J, Bolund L, Kristiansen K, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li R, Li S, Yang H, Nielsen R, Wang J, Wang J (July 2010). "Sequencing of 50 human exomes reveals adaptation to high altitude". Science. 329 (5987): 75–8. Bibcode:2010Sci...329...75Y. doi:10.1126/science.1190371. PMC 3711608. PMID 20595611.
- ^ Hanaoka M, Droma Y, Basnyat B, Ito M, Kobayashi N, Katsuyama Y, Kubo K, Ota M (2012). "Genetic variants in EPAS1 contribute to adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in Sherpas". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e50566. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...750566H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050566. PMC 3515610. PMID 23227185.
- ^ Algar J (1 July 2014). "Tibetan 'super athlete' gene courtesy of an extinct human species". Tech Times. Retrieved 22 July 2014.