Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)

Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
c. 3150 BCc. 2686 BC
Early Dynastic Period (Egypt) (Egypt)
Early Dynastic Period (Egypt) (Northeast Africa)
CapitalThinis, then Memphis
Common languagesAncient Egyptian
Religion
Egyptian religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Pharaoh 
• c. 3129 BC
Narmer (first)
• c. 2690 BC
Khasekhemwy (last)
History 
• Began
c. 3150 BC
• Ended
c. 2686 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Predynastic Egypt
Old Kingdom of Egypt

The Early Dynastic Period, also known as Archaic Period or the Thinite Period (from Thinis, the hometown of its rulers),[1] is the era of ancient Egypt that immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in c. 3150 BC. It is generally taken to include the First Dynasty and the Second Dynasty, lasting from the end of the archaeological culture of Naqada III until c. 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom.[2] With the First Dynasty, the Egyptian capital moved from Thinis to Memphis, with the unified land being ruled by an Egyptian god-king. In the south, Abydos remained the major centre of ancient Egyptian religion; the hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as Egyptian art, Egyptian architecture, and many aspects of Egyptian religion, took shape during the Early Dynastic Period.

Before the unification of Egypt, the land was settled with autonomous villages. With the early dynasties, and for much of Egypt's history thereafter, the country came to be known as "The Two Lands" (referencing Upper and Lower Egypt). The pharaohs established a national administration and appointed royal governors, and buildings of the central government were typically open-air temples constructed of wood or sandstone. The earliest Egyptian hieroglyphs appear just before this period, though little is known of the spoken language that they represent.

  1. ^ Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell Publishing, 1992, p. 49
  2. ^ Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 479. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.