Elabela

APELA
Identifiers
Aliases	APELA, ELA, Ende, tdl, apelin receptor early endogenous ligand
External IDs	OMIM: 615594; MGI: 3642370; GeneCards: APELA; OMA:APELA - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	164,898,965 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	65,489,988 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	tibia; ; testicle; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; mucosa of paranasal sinus; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; olfactory zone of nasal mucosa; ; prostate; ; skin of abdomen; ; placenta; ; skin of hip;
	Top expressed in
	medullary collecting duct; ; tail of embryo; ; primitive streak; ; endocardial cushion; ; right kidney; ; human kidney; ; atrioventricular valve; ; definitive endoderm; ; embryo; ; hand;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity; apelin receptor binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	multicellular organism development; mesendoderm migration; cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration; endoderm development; gastrulation; heart development; SMAD protein signal transduction; positive regulation of angiogenesis; apelin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization; regulation of signaling receptor activity; vasculogenesis; mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation; adult heart development; embryonic heart tube development; positive regulation of heart contraction; placenta blood vessel development; coronary vasculature development; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis; angiogenesis; cell differentiation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	100506013
	100038489
	ENSG00000248329
	ENSMUSG00000079042
	P0DMC3
	P0DMC4
	NM_001297550
	NM_001297554; NM_001399422
	NP_001284479
	NP_001284483; NP_001386351
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

ELABELA (ELA, Apela, Toddler) is a hormonal peptide that in humans is encoded by the APELA gene. Elabela is one of two endogenous ligands for the G-protein-coupled APLNR receptor.^[5]

Ela is secreted by certain cell types including human embryonic stem cells.^[6] It is widely expressed in various developing organs such as the blastocyst,^[7] placenta,^[8] heart,^[9] kidney,^[10] endothelium, and is circulating in human plasma.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000248329 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000079042 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Read C, Nyimanu D, Williams TL, Huggins DJ, Sulentic P, Macrae RG, et al. (October 2019). Ohlstein EH (ed.). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand". Pharmacological Reviews. 71 (4): 467–502. doi:10.1124/pr.119.017533. PMC 6731456. PMID 31492821.
^ Ho L, Tan SY, Wee S, Wu Y, Tan SJ, Ramakrishna NB, et al. (October 2015). "ELABELA Is an Endogenous Growth Factor that Sustains hESC Self-Renewal via the PI3K/AKT Pathway". Cell Stem Cell. 17 (4): 435–47. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.010. PMID 26387754.
^ Chng SC, Ho L, Tian J, Reversade B (December 2013). "ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor". Developmental Cell. 27 (6): 672–80. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.002. PMID 24316148.
^ Ho L, van Dijk M, Chye ST, Messerschmidt DM, Chng SC, Ong S, et al. (August 2017). "ELABELA deficiency promotes preeclampsia and cardiovascular malformations in mice". Science. 357 (6352): 707–713. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..707H. doi:10.1126/science.aam6607. PMID 28663440. S2CID 3241807.
^ Sharma B, Ho L, Ford GH, Chen HI, Goldstone AB, Woo YJ, et al. (September 2017). "Alternative Progenitor Cells Compensate to Rebuild the Coronary Vasculature in Elabela- and Apj-Deficient Hearts". Developmental Cell. 42 (6): 655–666.e3. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.008. PMC 5895086. PMID 28890073.
^ Xu C, Wang F, Chen Y, Xie S, Sng D, Reversade B, Yang T (May 2020). "ELABELA antagonizes intrarenal renin-angiotensin system to lower blood pressure and protects against renal injury". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 318 (5): F1122–F1135. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00606.2019. PMC 7294342. PMID 32174138.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000248329 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000079042 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Read C, Nyimanu D, Williams TL, Huggins DJ, Sulentic P, Macrae RG, et al. (October 2019). Ohlstein EH (ed.). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand". Pharmacological Reviews. 71 (4): 467–502. doi:10.1124/pr.119.017533. PMC 6731456. PMID 31492821.

[Ho_2015-6] Ho L, Tan SY, Wee S, Wu Y, Tan SJ, Ramakrishna NB, et al. (October 2015). "ELABELA Is an Endogenous Growth Factor that Sustains hESC Self-Renewal via the PI3K/AKT Pathway". Cell Stem Cell. 17 (4): 435–47. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.010. PMID 26387754.

[Chng_2013-7] Chng SC, Ho L, Tian J, Reversade B (December 2013). "ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor". Developmental Cell. 27 (6): 672–80. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.002. PMID 24316148.

[:0-8] Ho L, van Dijk M, Chye ST, Messerschmidt DM, Chng SC, Ong S, et al. (August 2017). "ELABELA deficiency promotes preeclampsia and cardiovascular malformations in mice". Science. 357 (6352): 707–713. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..707H. doi:10.1126/science.aam6607. PMID 28663440. S2CID 3241807.

[9] Sharma B, Ho L, Ford GH, Chen HI, Goldstone AB, Woo YJ, et al. (September 2017). "Alternative Progenitor Cells Compensate to Rebuild the Coronary Vasculature in Elabela- and Apj-Deficient Hearts". Developmental Cell. 42 (6): 655–666.e3. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.008. PMC 5895086. PMID 28890073.

[10] Xu C, Wang F, Chen Y, Xie S, Sng D, Reversade B, Yang T (May 2020). "ELABELA antagonizes intrarenal renin-angiotensin system to lower blood pressure and protects against renal injury". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 318 (5): F1122–F1135. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00606.2019. PMC 7294342. PMID 32174138.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]