 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
| Eldfell | |
|---|---|
 Eldfell, August 2014 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 200 m (660 ft) |
| Prominence | 200 m (660 ft) |
| Coordinates | 63°25′57″N 20°14′51″W / 63.43250°N 20.24750°W |
| Geography | |
  Eldfell Iceland | |
| Location | Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland |
| Geology | |
| Rock age | Historical |
| Mountain type | Volcanic cone |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Southern Volcanic Flank Zone[1] |
| Last eruption | January to June 1973 |
Eldfell is a volcanic cone just over 200 metres (660 ft) high on the Icelandic island of Heimaey. It formed in a volcanic eruption which began without warning on the eastern side of Heimaey, in the Westman Islands, on 23 January 1973. The name means Hill of Fire in Icelandic.
The eruption caused a major crisis for the island and led to its temporary evacuation. Volcanic ash fell over most of the island, destroying around 400 homes, and a lava flow threatened to close off the harbour, the island's main income source via its fishing fleet. An operation was mounted to cool the advancing lava flow by pumping sea water onto it, which was successful in preventing the loss of the harbour.
After the eruption, the islanders used heat from the cooling lava flows to provide hot water and to generate electricity. They also used some of the extensive tephra, fall-out of airborne volcanic material, to extend the runway at the island's small airport and as landfill on which 200 new houses were built.[2]
- ^ Trønnes, Reidar G. "Geology and geodynamics of Iceland" (PDF). Nordic Volcanological Institute, University of Iceland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
- ^ Reed, Mark. "How to Survive the next Icelandic Strato Volcanic Ash Cloud". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015.