Eleazer A. Paine | |
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| Born | September 10, 1815 Geauga County, Ohio |
| Died | December 16, 1882 (aged 67) Jersey City, New Jersey |
| Place of burial | Oakland Cemetery, Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| Allegiance | United States of America Union |
| Service/ | United States Army, Union Army |
| Years of service | 1839–1840, 1861–1865 |
| Rank |  Brigadier General |
| Commands | 4th Division, Army of the Mississippi District of West Kentucky |
| Battles/wars | Seminole Wars American Civil War |
| Other work | Lawyer |
Eleazer Arthur Paine (September 10, 1815 – December 16, 1882) was an American lawyer, author and a Union officer from Ohio. He provoked controversy as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, while commanding occupation troops in western Kentucky and Middle Tennessee in the 1860s. Paine was charged with brutality toward civilians and violating their civil rights. He was known to have suspected spies summarily executed in the town square of Gallatin, Tennessee while based there. He had directed the occupation's protection of railroads and policing of civilians in Middle Tennessee from there. He was replaced in April 1864.