Elisheva Bikhovski

Elisheva Bikhovski Елишева Биховски
Elisheva Bikhovski in Israel – 1936
Native name	ז'ירקובה-ביחוֹבסקי ,אלישבע
Born	Elizaveta Ivanovna Zhirkov (1888-09-20)20 September 1888[1] Spassk, Ryazan, Russia
Died	27 March 1949(1949-03-27) (aged 60)[2] Tiberias, Israel
Resting place	Kvutzat Kinneret cemetery
Pen name	E. Lisheva
Occupation	writer, translator
Language	Hebrew, Russian, English, Yiddish
Citizenship	Russian Empire, Israel
Years active	1907 to 1949
Spouse	Simeon (Shimon) Bikhovski
Children	Miriam Littel

Elisheva Bikhovski (Russian: Элишева Быховская; born Elizaveta Ivanovna Zhirkov, Russian: Елизавета Ивановна Жиркова); 20 September 1888 – 27 March 1949) was a Russian poet, writer, literary critic and translator, often known simply by her adopted Biblical Hebrew name "Elishéva" (Hebrew: אֱלִישֶׁבַע). Her Russian Orthodox father, Ivan Zhirkov, was a village teacher who later became a bookseller and textbook publisher; her mother was descended from Irish Catholics who had settled in Russia after the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). Elisheva wrote most of her works in Hebrew, and also translated English and Hebrew poetry into Russian.

On the death of her mother in 1891,^[3] she moved to Moscow with her aunt, an older sister of her mother, where she lived surrounded by the English language and culture. Though not culturally Jewish, she became the classmate of Jewish girls who introduced her to their culture and traditions, and she began to write poetry in 1907. Not at first differentiating between Hebrew and Yiddish as the “language of the Jews,” she began studying Yiddish — which, she wrote, because of its kinship to other European languages, especially German, she found easy to understand.^[3] She learned the Hebrew alphabet from a Hebrew grammar book owned by her brother, the philologist and Esperantist Lev Zhirkov (1885–1963), a specialist in Persian and Caucasian languages.^[2] She studied both Russian and English literature, graduating from a grammar school for girls and in 1910 becoming certified as a teacher at a progressive school of Stanislaus Shatsky's and Alexander Zelenko's Children's Work and Play Society through courses that trained preschool and elementary teachers according to the system of the innovative German educator Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852).