Emotional expression

An emotional expression is a behavior that communicates an emotional state or attitude. It can be verbal or nonverbal, and can occur with or without self-awareness. Emotional expressions include facial movements like smiling or scowling, simple behaviors like crying, laughing, or saying "thank you," and more complex behaviors like writing a letter or giving a gift. Individuals have some conscious control of their emotional expressions;[1] however, they need not have conscious awareness of their emotional or affective state in order to express emotion.

Researchers in psychology have proposed many different and often competing theoretical models to explain emotions and emotional expression, going as far back as Charles Darwin's discussion of emotion as an evolved capacity.[2] Though there is no universally accepted theory of emotion, theorists in emotion agree that experience of emotions and expression of them in a variety of ways, such as with voices, faces, and bodies, is key to human communication.[3] The cultural norms and beliefs of a society also affect and shape the emotional expressions of its members, and expressions appropriate and important in one culture may be taboo in another.[4]

Evidence shows that gay partners have higher levels of expressiveness than heterosexual partners.[5] High expressiveness could be useful in constructively resolving relationship-related conflict.[6]

  1. ^ Dorset Research & Development Support Unit, 2003. "Emotional Expression." Archived 2007-06-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on: July 23, 2007.
  2. ^ Darwin, Charles (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: John Murray.
  3. ^ "Emotional Expression." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development, edited by Marc H. Bornstein, vol. 2, SAGE Reference, 2018, pp. 724-727.
  4. ^ Marshall, T. C. (2005). Emotional intimacy in romantic relationships: A comparison of European and Chinese Canadian students
  5. ^ Kurdek, L.A. (1987). "Sex role self schema and psychological adjustment in coupled homosexual and heterosexual men and women". Sex Roles. 17 (9–10): 549–562. doi:10.1007/BF00287735. S2CID 143396969.
  6. ^ Gottman & Levenson & Swanson & Swanson & Tyson & Yoshimoto, J.M, & R.W. & C. & K. & R. & D. (2003). "Observing gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples' relationships: Mathematical modelling of conflict interaction". Journal of Homosexuality. 45 (1): 65–91. doi:10.1300/J082v45n01_04. PMID 14567654. S2CID 15472163.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)