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| Empress Ma | |
|---|---|
| Spouse | Emperor Ming of Han |
| Issue | Emperor Zhang of Han (foster son) |
| Father | General Ma Yuan |
| Mother | Lady Lìn (藺夫人) |
Empress Ma (馬皇后, personal name unknown; late 30s[1] – August 16, 79[2]), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally, "the understanding and virtuous empress"), was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty from 8 April 60[3] until 75, then empress dowager from that year till her death. Her husband was Emperor Ming of Han.
- ^ According to Lady Ma's biography in Book of the Later Han, she was in her 40s when she died. (至六月，崩。在位二十三年，年四十馀.) Houhanshu, vol.10 part 1
- ^ According to Emperor Zhang's biography in Book of the Later Han, Lady Ma died on the guichou day of the 6th month of the 4th year of the Jian'chu era of his reign. This corresponds to 16 Aug 79 in the Julian calendar. ([建初四年]六月癸丑，皇太后马氏崩。) Houhanshu, vol.03
- ^ According to Emperor Ming's biography in Book of the Later Han, Lady Ma was made empress on the jiazi day of the 2nd month of the 3rd year of the Yong'ping era of his reign. This corresponds to 8 Apr 60 in the Julian calendar. (永平三年二月)甲子，立贵人马氏为皇后.) Houhanshu, vol.02