Endosphere

The endosphere microbiome
The plant microbiome consists of diverse microbial communities on the outside surface and in internal tissues of the host plant. The rhizosphere and phyllosphere communities are on the outside of the plant, while the endosphere community is inside the plant.[1]

Some microorganisms, such as endophytes, penetrate and occupy the plant internal tissues, forming the endospheric microbiome. The arbuscular mycorrhizal and other endophytic fungi are the dominant colonizers of the endosphere.[2] Bacteria, and to some degree archaea, are important members of endosphere communities. Some of these endophytic microbes interact with their host and provide obvious benefits to plants.[3][4][5] Unlike the rhizosphere and the rhizoplane, the endospheres harbor highly specific microbial communities. The root endophytic community can be very distinct from that of the adjacent soil community. In general, diversity of the endophytic community is lower than the diversity of the microbial community outside the plant.[6] The identity and diversity of the endophytic microbiome of above-and below-ground tissues may also differ within the plant.[7][2][1]

  1. ^ a b Dastogeer, Khondoker M.G.; Tumpa, Farzana Haque; Sultana, Afruja; Akter, Mst Arjina; Chakraborty, Anindita (2020). "Plant microbiome–an account of the factors that shape community composition and diversity". Current Plant Biology. 23: 100161. doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100161. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  2. ^ a b Vokou, Despoina; Vareli, Katerina; Zarali, Ekaterini; Karamanoli, Katerina; Constantinidou, Helen-Isis A.; Monokrousos, Nikolaos; Halley, John M.; Sainis, Ioannis (2012). "Exploring Biodiversity in the Bacterial Community of the Mediterranean Phyllosphere and its Relationship with Airborne Bacteria". Microbial Ecology. 64 (3): 714–724. doi:10.1007/s00248-012-0053-7. PMID 22544345. S2CID 17291303.
  3. ^ Bulgarelli, Davide; Rott, Matthias; Schlaeppi, Klaus; Ver Loren Van Themaat, Emiel; Ahmadinejad, Nahal; Assenza, Federica; Rauf, Philipp; Huettel, Bruno; Reinhardt, Richard; Schmelzer, Elmon; Peplies, Joerg; Gloeckner, Frank Oliver; Amann, Rudolf; Eickhorst, Thilo; Schulze-Lefert, Paul (2012). "Revealing structure and assembly cues for Arabidopsis root-inhabiting bacterial microbiota". Nature. 488 (7409): 91–95. doi:10.1038/nature11336. PMID 22859207. S2CID 4393146.
  4. ^ Dastogeer, Khondoker M.G.; Li, Hua; Sivasithamparam, Krishnapillai; Jones, Michael G.K.; Du, Xin; Ren, Yonglin; Wylie, Stephen J. (2017). "Metabolic responses of endophytic Nicotiana benthamiana plants experiencing water stress". Environmental and Experimental Botany. 143: 59–71. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.08.008.
  5. ^ Rodriguez, R. J.; White Jr, J. F.; Arnold, A. E.; Redman, R. S. (2009). "Fungal endophytes: Diversity and functional roles". New Phytologist. 182 (2): 314–330. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02773.x. PMID 19236579.
  6. ^ Schlaeppi, K.; Dombrowski, N.; Oter, R. G.; Ver Loren Van Themaat, E.; Schulze-Lefert, P. (2014). "Quantitative divergence of the bacterial root microbiota in Arabidopsis thaliana relatives". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (2): 585–592. doi:10.1073/pnas.1321597111. PMC 3896156. PMID 24379374. S2CID 13806811.
  7. ^ Abdelfattah, Ahmed; Wisniewski, Michael; Schena, Leonardo; Tack, Ayco J.M. (2020-05-14). "Experimental Evidence of Microbial Inheritance in Plants and Transmission Routes from Seed to Phyllosphere and Root". doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-27656/v1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)