Total energy supply 2021[1]
In 2019, the total energy production in Indonesia is 450.79 million tonnes of oil equivalent, with a total primary energy supply of 231.14 million tonnes of oil equivalent and electricity final consumption of 263.32 terawatt-hours.[2] From 2000 to 2021, Indonesia's total energy supply increased by nearly 60%.[3]: 15
Energy use in Indonesia has been long dominated by fossil resources. Once a major oil exporter that joined OPEC in 1962, the country has since become a net oil importer despite still being in OPEC until 2008[4] and for a short time in 2016,[5] making it the only net oil importer member in the organization.[6] Indonesia is also the fourth-largest coal producer and one of the biggest coal exporters in the world, with 24,910 million tons of proven coal reserves as of 2016, making it the 11th country with the most coal reserves in the world.[7][2] In addition, Indonesia has abundant renewable energy potential, reaching almost 417,8 gigawatt (GW) which consisted of solar, wind, hydro, geothermal energy, ocean current, and bioenergy, although only 2,5% have been utilized.[8][9] Furthermore, Indonesia along with Malaysia, have two-thirds of ASEAN's gas reserves with a total annual gas production of more than 200 billion cubic meters in 2016.[10]
The Government of Indonesia has outlined several commitments to increase clean energy use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, among others by issuing the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) in 2017 and joining the Paris Agreement. In the RUEN, Indonesia targets New and Renewable Energy to reach 23% of the total energy mix by 2025 and 31% by 2050.[11] The country also commits to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 29% by 2030 against a business-as-usual baseline scenario, and up to 41% by international support.[12] It also has committed to phasing out coal power by 2040s, although numerous challenges remain [13]
Indonesia has several high-profile renewable projects, such as the wind farm 75 MW in Sidenreng Rappang Regency, another wind farm 72 MW in Jeneponto Regency, and Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant in West Java with a capacity of 145 MW which will become the largest Floating Solar Power Plant in Southeast Asia.[14]
- ^ "Indonesia - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Indonesia - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ International Energy Agency Special Report, IEA (2021). "An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia" (PDF). www.iea.org. p. 15. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ "BBC NEWS | Business | Indonesia to withdraw from Opec". 3 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "Net oil importer Indonesia leaves producer club OPEC, again | Reuters". Reuters. 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "OPEC : Member Countries". www.opec.org. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "Indonesia Coal Reserves and Consumption Statistics - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "Berapa Potensi Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia? | Databoks". databoks.katadata.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "Direktorat Jenderal EBTKE - Kementerian ESDM". ebtke.esdm.go.id. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "The Role of Natural Gas in ASEAN Energy Security". ASEAN Centre for Energy. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ Nangoy, Fransiska (22 October 2020). Davies, Ed (ed.). "Indonesian govt finalises new rules for renewable electricity". Reuters. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ Chrysolite, Hanny; Juliane, Reidinar; Chitra, Josefhine; Ge, Mengpin (4 October 2017). "Evaluating Indonesia's Progress on its Climate Commitments". Retrieved 26 April 2014.
- ^ Do, Thang Nam; Burke, Paul J. (1 June 2024). "Phasing out coal power in two major Southeast Asian thermal coal economies: Indonesia and Vietnam". Energy for Sustainable Development. 80: 101451. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2024.101451. ISSN 0973-0826.
- ^ Rahman, Riska (18 December 2020). "Indonesia kicks off largest solar power plant development". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2 September 2021.