English Armada

This article is about the 1589 expeditionary naval task force from England against Spain. For the naval complement of England, see English Navy.

English Armada
Part of the Anglo–Spanish War (1585–1604)

Map of the English Armada campaigns
DateApril - July 1589
Location
A Coruña – Lisbon, Iberian Coast
(modern Spain (Galicia), and Portugal)
Bay of Biscay
Result Spanish victory[2][3]
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Strength
  • Four galleons
  • Unknown armed merchant vessels
  • 15,000 men
Casualties and losses
 900 dead or wounded
3 galleons destroyed[11]
13 merchant ships

The English Armada (Spanish: Invencible Inglesa, lit. 'Invincible English'), also known as the Counter Armada or the Drake–Norris Expedition, was an attack fleet sent against Spain by Queen Elizabeth I of England that sailed on 28 April 1589 during the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and the Eighty Years' War. Led by Sir Francis Drake as admiral and Sir John Norris as general, it failed to drive home the advantage that England had gained resulting from the failure of the Spanish Armada in the previous year. The Spanish victory marked a revival of Philip II's naval power through the next decade.[12]

  1. ^ Martins 2014, p. 442.
  2. ^ Elliott 1982, p. 333.
  3. ^ Morris 2002, p. 335.
  4. ^ a b Wernham 1988, p. 346.
  5. ^ Bucholz & Key 2009, p. 145.
  6. ^ a b Wernham 1988, p. 341.
  7. ^ a b Gorrochategui Santos 2018, p. 245.
  8. ^ Hampden 1972, p. 254.
  9. ^ Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1972). Armada Española desde la unión de los Reinos de Castilla y Aragón (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. III. Museo Naval de Madrid, Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval. p. 51.
  10. ^ Fernández Duro 1972, p. 51.
  11. ^ Bicheno 2012, p. 266.
  12. ^ Elliott 1982, p. 351.