| Enthesitis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Typical joint showing the entheses | |
| Specialty | Rheumatology |
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2019) |
Enthesitis is inflammation of the entheses (singular: enthesis), the sites where tendons, ligaments and joint capsules attach to bones.[1][2]
It is a type of enthesopathy, meaning any pathologic condition of the entheses, with or without inflammation. There are some cases of isolated, primary enthesitis which are very poorly studied and understood. It is known to be associated with other autoimmune diseases, like spondyloarthropathies and psoriasis (thought to often precede psoriatic arthritis). A common autoimmune enthesitis is at the heel, where the Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneus.
It is associated with HLA B27 arthropathies, such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and reactive arthritis.[3][4]
- ^ Maria Antonietta D'Agostino, MD; Ignazio Olivieri, MD (June 2006). "Enthesitis". Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. 20 (3). Clinical Rheumatology: 473–86. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2006.03.007. PMID 16777577.
- ^ Watad, A; Cuthbert, RJ; Amital, H; McGonagle, D (30 May 2018). "Enthesitis: Much More Than Focal Insertion Point Inflammation". Current Rheumatology Reports. 20 (7): 41. doi:10.1007/s11926-018-0751-3. PMC 5976708. PMID 29846815.
- ^ Schett, G; Lories, RJ; D'Agostino, MA; Elewaut, D; Kirkham, B; Soriano, ER; McGonagle, D (November 2017). "Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment". Nature Reviews Rheumatology (Review). 13 (12): 731–41. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188. PMID 29158573.
- ^ Schmitt, SK (June 2017). "Reactive Arthritis". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America (Review). 31 (2): 265–77. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.002. PMID 28292540.