Ernestine is a feminine given name. Ernest is the male counterpart of this name. Notable people with the name include:
- Ernestine Anderson (1928–2016), American jazz and blues singer
- Ernestine Bayer (1909–2006), American athlete
- Ernestine Bazemore, American politician
- Ernestine Gilbreth Carey (1908–2006), American author
- Ernestine Cannon (1904–1969), American ceramicist
- Ernestine Carter (1906–1983), American journalist
- Ernestine Chassebœuf (1910–c.2005), French letter-writer
- Ernestine Cobern Beyer (1893–1972), American poet and author
- Ernestine Eckstein (1941–1992), American LGBT activist
- Ernestine Fuchs (1885–1962), German film actress, film producer, and screenwriter
- Ernestine Fu (born 1992), American venture capital investor and author
- Ernestine de Lambriquet (1778–1813), the adopted/foster daughter of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France
- Ernestine Leibovici (1918–1988), more commonly known as Eren Eyüboğlu, Romanian-born Turkish painter and mosaic artist
- Ernestine Mbakou, Cameroonian novelist
- Ernestine Rengiil, Palauan lawyer
- Ernestine Rose (1810–1892), Russian-American abolitionist and feminist
- Ernestine Rose (1880–1961), American librarian
- Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell (1921-2011), American actress, singer and model
- Ernestine Schumann-Heink (1861–1936), Austrian-German-American operatic contralto