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Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism,[1] is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity,[2][3] with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnocratic) approach to various political issues related to national affirmation of a particular ethnic group.[4][5]
The central tenet of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry".[6] Those of other ethnicities may be classified as second-class citizens.[7][8]
Diaspora-studies scholars broaden the concept of "nation" to diasporic communities. The terms "ethnonation" and "ethnonationalism" are sometimes used to describe a conceptual collective of dispersed ethnics.[9] Defining an ethnos widely can lead to ethnic nationalism becoming a form of pan-nationalism or macronationalism, as in cases such as pan-Germanism or pan-Slavism.[10]
In scholarly literature, ethnic nationalism is usually contrasted with civic nationalism, although this distinction has also been criticized.[11][12][13]
- ^ Leoussi 2001, p. 81-84.
- ^ Smith 1987, p. 134-138, 144–149.
- ^ Smith 2009, p. 61-80.
- ^ Smith 1981, p. 18.
- ^ Roshwald 2001.
- ^ Muller 2008.
- ^ Rangelov 2013.
- ^ Yilmaz 2018.
- ^ Safran 2008.
- ^ Snyder, Louis Leo (1984). Macro-nationalisms: A History of the Pan-movements. Issue 112 of Contributions in political science: Global perspectives in history and politics, ISSN 0147-1066. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313231919. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Yack, Bernard (1996). "The myth of the civic nation". Critical Review. 10 (2): 193–211. doi:10.1080/08913819608443417.
- ^ Özkirimli, Umut. (2005). Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- ^ Azurmendi, Joxe (2014): Historia, arraza, nazioa, Donostia: Elkar. ISBN 978-84-9027-297-8