Etizolam

Etizolam
Clinical data
Trade namesEtizest, Etilaam, Etizex, Depas, Sedekopan, Pasaden
Dependence
liability		Moderate
Routes of
administration		Oral, sublingual, rectal
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability93%
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life3.4 hours[2][3] (main metabolite is 8.2 hours)[4]
Duration of action5-7 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.188.773 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H15ClN4S
Molar mass342.85 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • ClC1=CC=CC=C1C2=NCC3=NN=C(C)N3C4=C2C=C(CC)S4
  • InChI=1S/C17H15ClN4S/c1-3-11-8-13-16(12-6-4-5-7-14(12)18)19-9-15-21-20-10(2)22(15)17(13)23-11/h4-8H,3,9H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:VMZUTJCNQWMAGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)
Etizolam powder. Pictured is roughly 150 mg; a standard dose is around 1 mg
Four blister packs of Etizex brand etizolam tablets
Etizex brand etizolam tablets

Etizolam (marketed under numerous brand names) is a thienodiazepine derivative[5] which is a benzodiazepine analog.[6] The etizolam molecule differs from a benzodiazepine in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring and triazole ring has been fused, making the drug a thienotriazolodiazepine.[7][8]

Although a thienodiazepine, etizolam is clinically regarded as a benzodiazepine because of its mode of action via the benzodiazepine receptor and directly targeting GABAA allosteric modulator receptors.[5]

It possesses anxiolytic, amnesic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.[9]

It was patented in 1972[10] and first approved for medical use in Japan in 1984.[11]

As of April 2021, the export of etizolam has been banned in India.[12]

  1. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  2. ^ "Etizolam". www.drugbank.ca. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
  3. ^ "Drug & Chemical Evaluation - Etizolam" (PDF). U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. U.S. Department of Justice. March 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-03.
  4. ^ Fracasso C, Confalonieri S, Garattini S, Caccia S (1991-02-01). "Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of etizolam in healthy subjects". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 40 (2): 181–185. doi:10.1007/BF00280074. PMID 2065698. S2CID 10176681.
  5. ^ a b Sanna E, Pau D, Tuveri F, Massa F, Maciocco E, Acquas C, et al. (February 1999). "Molecular and neurochemical evaluation of the effects of etizolam on GABAA receptors under normal and stress conditions". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 49 (2): 88–95. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1300366. PMID 10083975. S2CID 19732765.
  6. ^ Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Waters L (March 2018). "Experimental versus theoretical log D7.4, pKa and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances" (PDF). Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (8): 1258–1269. doi:10.1002/dta.2387. PMID 29582576. S2CID 31098917.
  7. ^ Niwa T, Shiraga T, Ishii I, Kagayama A, Takagi A (September 2005). "Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome p450 isoforms to the metabolism of psychotropic drugs". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28 (9): 1711–6. doi:10.1248/bpb.28.1711. PMID 16141545.
  8. ^ Catabay A, Taniguchi M, Jinno K, Pesek JJ, Williamsen E (1 March 1998). "Separation of 1,4-Benzodiazepines and Analogues Using Cholesteryl-10-Undecenoate Bonded Phase in Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography". Journal of Chromatographic Science. 36 (3): 111–118. doi:10.1093/chromsci/36.3.111.
  9. ^ Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA (October 2008). "Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective". Current Drug Metabolism. 9 (8): 827–844. doi:10.2174/138920008786049258. PMID 18855614.
  10. ^ US 3904641, "Triazolothienodiazepine compounds" 
  11. ^ Yamawaki S (December 1999). "The use and development of anxiolytics in Japan". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 9 (published 2000-04-25): S413–S419. doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(99)00053-x. ISSN 0924-977X – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  12. ^ "EGazette Home" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 2021-03-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-10.