Eweka I

Eweka I (reigned 1200 AD – 1235 AD) was the first Oba of Benin and presided over the kingdom's shift from the Ogiso Dynasty to the establishment of the Obaship. His 35-year reign had a notable impact on the political, cultural, and traditional aspects of the kingdom. Before Eweka I's rule, the Benin Kingdom faced uncertainty due to the banishment of Owodo, the last Ogiso, for misrule. Oduduwa, who was the father of Oromiyan had been exiled to Uhe (Ife), which eventually set the stage for Eweka I's ascension to power. The turning point occurred when Oduduwa sent his son, Oromiyan, to Benin as an emissary. Oromiyan's arrival was met with resistance, leading to his settlement in Usama, on the outskirts of Benin City.

To gauge the loyalty of the Benin people, Oromiyan challenged them to care for a common louse for three years, symbolising their commitment to their potential king. Oromiyan resided in a palace constructed for him within the city of Benin. During his time there, he entered into matrimony with an Edo woman by the name of Erinwinde. Their union bore fruit in the form of a son, who was christened Eweka. Despite the successful completion of this task by the Benin people, Oromiyan recognised the importance of a ruler deeply rooted in Benin culture. He relinquished his claim to the throne, highlighting the need for a monarch well-versed in Benin traditions, ultimately paving the way for Eweka I's reign.

Eweka I's rule marked the establishment of the Obaship in Benin, with the term "Oba" beginning to signify kingship during his time. He emphasised the significance of rulers educated in Benin culture, a principle that persisted over the centuries. Following Eweka I's death in 1235 AD, his legacy became an integral part of the Benin Kingdom's identity, influencing its governance, traditions, and cultural heritage.