Exocomet

An exocomet, or extrasolar comet, is a comet outside the Solar System, which includes rogue comets and comets that orbit stars other than the Sun. The first exocomets were detected in 1987^[1][2] around Beta Pictoris, a very young A-type main-sequence star. There are now (as of February 2019) a total of 27 stars around which exocomets have been observed or suspected.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

The majority of discovered exocometary systems (Beta Pictoris, HR 10,^[8] 51 Ophiuchi, HR 2174,^[9] HD 85905,^[10] 49 Ceti, 5 Vulpeculae, 2 Andromedae, HD 21620, Rho Virginis, HD 145964,^[11][12] HD 172555,^[13] Lambda Geminorum, HD 58647, Phi Geminorum, Delta Corvi, HD 109573,^[14] Phi Leonis,^[15] 35 Aquilae,^[16] HD 24966, HD 38056, HD 79469 and HD 225200^[3]) are around very young A-type stars. The relatively old shell star Phi Leonis shows evidence of exocomets in the spectrum^[15] and comet-like activity was detected around the old F2V-type star Eta Corvi.^[4] In 2018 transiting exocomets were discovered around F-type stars, using data from the Kepler space telescope.^[6] Some late B-type star (e.g. 51 Ophiuchi, HD 58647) are known to host exocomets.^[14][9]

Observations of comets, and especially exocomets, improve our understanding of planet formation. Indeed, in the standard model of planet formation by accretion, planets are the result of the agglomeration of planetesimals, themselves formed by the coalescence of dust from the protoplanetary disk surrounding the star shortly after its formation. Thus, comets are the residuals of the volatile-rich planetesimals that remained in the planetary system without having been incorporated into the planets. They are considered fossil bodies that have seen the physical and chemical conditions prevailing at the time of planet formation.^{[citation needed]}

Researching exocomets might provide answers to fundamental questions of the past of the solar system and the development of a life-supporting environment. Researchers can investigate the transport of water, cyanides, sulfides and pre-biotic molecules onto Earth-mass exoplanets with the help of exocomets.^[17][18]