Export Administration Regulations

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The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) are a set of United States export guidelines and prohibitions. They are administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security, which regulates the export restrictions of sensitive goods.^[1] The EAR apply to most U.S. origin items, foreign-produced items that incorporate controlled U.S. items, and certain "foreign-produced direct products" of U.S. items or technology,^[2] (e.g., foreign-made integrated circuits designed with U.S. electronic design automation software or manufactured with U.S.-made manufacturing equipment).^[3]

In general, there are three types of controls applied by the EAR:

1. Technology Controls: These are controls based on the item being exported, these are usually listed on the Commerce Control List.^[4]
2. End-User Controls: These are controls based on the ultimate end user, many of these end users are listed on the Entity List.^[5]
3. End-Use Controls: These are controls based on the ultimate end use of the control.^[6]