 | This article has an unclear citation style. (March 2021) |
| Feralia | |
|---|---|
| Observed by | Roman Empire |
| Date | 21 February |
| Frequency | annual |
Ferālia /fɪˈreɪliə/ was an ancient Roman public festival[1] celebrating the Manes (Roman spirits of the dead, particularly the souls of deceased individuals)[2] which fell on 21 February as recorded by Ovid in Book II of his Fasti.[1] This day marked the end of Parentalia, a nine-day festival (13–21 February) honoring the dead ancestors.[3]
Roman citizens were instructed to bring offerings to the tombs of their dead ancestors which consisted of at least "an arrangement of wreaths, a sprinkling of grain and a bit of salt, bread soaked in wine and violets scattered about."[4] Additional offerings were permitted, however the dead were appeased with just the aforementioned.[4] These simple offerings to the dead were perhaps introduced to Latium by Aeneas, who poured wine and scattered violet flowers on his father Anchises' tomb.[5] Ovid tells of a time when Romans, in the midst of war, neglected Feralia, which prompted the spirits of the departed to rise from their graves in anger, howling and roaming the streets.[4] After this event, tribute to the tombs were then made and the ghastly hauntings ceased. To indicate public mourning, marriages of any kind were prohibited on the Feralia, and Ovid urged mothers, brides, and widows to refrain from lighting their wedding torches. Magistrates stopped wearing their insignia[1][6] and any worship of the gods was prohibited as it "should be hidden behind closed temple doors; no incense on the altar, no fire on the hearth."[4]