Ferroalloy

Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si).[1] They are used in the production of steels and alloys.[2][3] The alloys impart distinctive qualities to steel and cast iron or serve important functions during production and are, therefore, closely associated with the iron and steel industry, the leading consumer of ferroalloys. The leading producers of ferroalloys in 2014 were China, South Africa, India, Russia and Kazakhstan, which accounted for 84% of the world production.[4] World production of ferroalloys was estimated as 52.8 million tonnes in 2015.[5]

  1. ^ Rudolf Fichte. "Ferroalloys". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_305. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference usgs2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Moskalyk, R. R.; Alfantazi, A. M. (2003). "Processing of vanadium: a review". Minerals Engineering. 16 (9, September 2003): 793–805. doi:10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00213-9.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference usgs2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Singerling, Sheryl A.; Tuck, Christopher A.; et al. (June 2018). Ferroalloys (PDF). Minerals Yearbook 2015 (Report). Vol. I. U.S. Geological Survey. pp. 25.1–25.14. doi:10.3133/mybvi. Retrieved 2019-10-18.