The flora of Romania comprises around 3,450 species of vascular plants, which represents around 30% of the vascular flora of Europe.[1]
The three major vegetation zones in Romania are the alpine, steppe, and forest zones.[2] The latter can be subdivided (depending on soil, climate, and altitude) into regions dominated by the Norway Spruce, European Beech, and various species of Oak,[2] together with less widespread vegetation types such as the Dinaric calcareous block fir forest.
The Danube Delta is the largest continuous marshland in Europe.[3] Vegetation in the marshland is dominated by reeds, with Willow, Poplar, Alder, and Oak on the higher ground.[3] In 1991, this area became part of the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.[3] The delta supports 1,688 different plant species.[4]
The meadow-steppe grassland areas of Romania are also species-rich, but endangered.[5]
Among the flora of Romania are medicinal plants such as Arnica montana, Primula veris, Tussilago farfara, and Atropa belladonna.[1]
All the genera and species of plants found in Romania are listed in the 1977 work The Flora of Romania Illustrated Determinator of Vascular Plants.[6]