Fluocinolone acetonide

Fluocinolone acetonide
Clinical data
Trade namesSynalar, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A
Routes of
administration		Topical, ophthalmic intravitreal injection
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismLiver, CYP3A4-mediated
Elimination half-life1.3 to 1.7 hours
Identifiers
  • (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S,19S)-12,19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6,6,9,13-tetramethyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.607 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC24H30F2O6
Molar mass452.495 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C\1\C=C5/[C@@](/C=C/1)(C)[C@]2(F)[C@H]([C@H]3[C@](C[C@@H]2O)([C@@]4(OC(O[C@@H]4C3)(C)C)C(=O)CO)C)C[C@@H]5F
  • InChI=1S/C24H30F2O6/c1-20(2)31-19-9-13-14-8-16(25)15-7-12(28)5-6-21(15,3)23(14,26)17(29)10-22(13,4)24(19,32-20)18(30)11-27/h5-7,13-14,16-17,19,27,29H,8-11H2,1-4H3/t13-,14-,16-,17-,19+,21-,22-,23-,24+/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Fluocinolone acetonide is a fluorinated corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.[2] It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. The fluorine substitution at position 9 in the steroid nucleus greatly enhances its activity. It was first synthesized in 1959 in the Research Department of Syntex Laboratories S.A. Mexico City.[3] Preparations containing it were first marketed under the brand name Synalar.

Fluocinolone acetonide was also found to strongly potentiate TGF-β-associated chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, by increasing the levels of collagen type II by more than 100 fold compared to the widely used dexamethasone.[4]

Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implants have been used to treat non-infectious uveitis. A systematic review could not determine with any confidence whether fluocinolone acetonide implants are superior to standard of care treatment for uveitis.[5] A fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant with the brand name Iluvien is sold by biopharmaceutical company Alimera Sciences to treat diabetic macular edema.[6]

It was approved for medical use in 1961.[7]

  1. ^ "Regulatory Decision Summary for Iluvien". Drug and Health Product Portal. Health Canada. 23 October 2014.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference AHFS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Mills JS, Bowers A, Djerassi C, Ringold HJ (1960). "Steroids CXXXVII. Synthesis of a New Class of Potent Cortical Hormones. 6α,9α-Difluoro-16α-Hydroxyprednisolone and its Acetonide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 80 (13): 3399–3404. doi:10.1021/ja01498a041.
  4. ^ Hara ES, Ono M, Pham HT, Sonoyama W, Kubota S, Takigawa M, et al. (September 2015). "Fluocinolone Acetonide Is a Potent Synergistic Factor of TGF-β3-Associated Chondrogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Articular Surface Regeneration". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 30 (9): 1585–1596. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2502. PMC 5569386. PMID 25753754.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
  5. ^ Reddy A, Liu SH, Brady CJ, Sieving PC, Palestine AG (August 2023). "Corticosteroid implants for chronic non-infectious uveitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (8): CD010469. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010469.pub4. PMC 10464657. PMID 37642198.
  6. ^ "Real-world study shows long-term safety, efficacy of Iluvien in DME". Healio. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  7. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR, eds. (2006). "Tables of Structural and Functional Analogues: Systemic Hormonal Preparations". Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 485. ISBN 9783527607495.