Forest ecology is the scientific study of the interrelated patterns, processes, flora, fauna, funga, and ecosystems in forests.[1] The management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management. A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals, and micro-organisms (biotic components) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.[2]
- ^ Führer, Erwin (2000-06-15). "Forest functions, ecosystem stability and management". Forest Ecology and Management. 132 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00377-7. ISSN 0378-1127.
- ^ Robert W. Christopherson. 1996