The Fort Hood Three were three United States Army soldiers – Private First Class James Johnson, Private David A. Samas, and Private Dennis Mora – who refused to be deployed to fight in the Vietnam War on June 30, 1966.[1] This was the first public refusal of orders to Vietnam,[2] and one of the earliest acts of resistance to the war from within the U.S. military.[3] Their refusal was widely publicized (it was covered, for example, at least 20 times in the New York Times) and became a cause célèbre within the growing antiwar movement.[4] They filed a federal suit against Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara and Secretary of the Army Stanley Resor to prevent their shipment to Southeast Asia and were court-martialed by the Army for insubordination.[5]
- ^ Arnold, Martin (1966-07-01). "3 Soldiers Hold News Conference to Announce They Won't Go to Vietnam". The New York Times.
- ^ Cortright, David (2005). Soldiers In Revolt. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books. p. 52. ISBN 1931859272.
- ^ Carver, Ron; Cortright, David; Doherty, Barbara, eds. (2019). Waging Peace in Vietnam: U.S. Soldiers and Veterans Who Opposed the War. Oakland, CA: New Village Press. pp. 11–13. ISBN 9781613321072.
- ^ "The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War, A Political, Social, and Military History, Second Edition 2011". ABC-CLIO. p. 380. Archived from the original on 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
- ^ Fort Hood Three Defense Committee. "The Fort Hood Three: The Case of Three G.I.s Who Said "No" to the War in Vietnam". GI Press Collection. Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 2020-04-15.