Fountain of the Great Lakes

Fountain of the Great Lakes
View facing east in Art Institute of Chicago South McCormick Court
Map
ArtistLorado Taft
Year1907–1913
TypeBronze
Dimensions670 cm (264 in)
LocationArt Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

Fountain of the Great Lakes, or Spirit of the Great Lakes Fountain, is an allegorical sculpture and fountain by Lorado Taft. The bronze artwork, created between 1907 and 1913, depicts five women arranged so that the fountains waterfall recalls the waterflow through the five Great Lakes of North America.[1][2] In the Great Lakes, the waterflow begins in Lake Superior at 600 feet (180 m) above sea level and continues eastward through each lake until it reaches Lake Ontario.[3] The Fountain is one of Taft's best known works.[1] It is located in the public South McCormick Memorial Court of the Art Institute of Chicago, in the Chicago Loop.

The fountain was originally installed on an elevated platform facing south where it remained until 1963, when it was moved next to the Morton Wing addition facing west. In its original location it served as a visible landmark from the Jackson and Michigan Avenue intersection once known as "route center" to the south.[4] The fountain was commissioned by the Benjamin Ferguson fund and one surface references the title B. F. Ferguson Fountain of the Great Lakes. There is a relief sculpture of Benjamin Ferguson on the rear panel that has been hidden from view since the fountain was moved.[5]

As the first commission from the Ferguson Fund,[6] it experienced various funding delays.[7] Additionally, the legal environment for land use in Grant Park was in flux at the time the commission was made,[8] which caused delays in location selection.[9] Once erected, the fountain received largely positive reviews, but a few critics questioned symbolism of the sculpture.[10] Others were caught up in sociopolitical subtexts of the day, with regard to obscenity laws as it related to public art and this semi-nude work.[11]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference GLC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Sinkevitch, Alice, "AIA Guide to Chicago" (2nd edition), p. 41, 2004, Harcourt Books, ISBN 0-15-602908-1.
  3. ^ Foust, Jerry L. (2005). "Great Lakes System". Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  4. ^ "Route Center: Jackson and Michigan Boulevards Circa 1907-1923". David G. Clark. 2004. Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  5. ^ "Fountain of the Great Lakes, Art Institute (1913)". Brainsnack Tours. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference G142 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference G150-55 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference G158 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).