Francis Peyton Rous | |
|---|---|
 Francis Peyton Rous | |
| Born | October 5, 1879 Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Died | February 16, 1970 (aged 90) New York City, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Johns Hopkins University |
| Known for | Oncoviruses |
| Spouse | Marion Eckford de Kay |
| Children | Three daughters, including Marion |
| Awards | |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Virology |
| Institutions | University of Michigan, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
Francis Peyton Rous ForMemRS (/raʊs/; October 5, 1879 – February 16, 1970) was an American pathologist at the Rockefeller University known for his works in oncoviruses, blood transfusion and physiology of digestion.[1] A medical graduate from the Johns Hopkins University, he was discouraged from becoming a practicing physician due to severe tuberculosis. After three years of working as an instructor of pathology at the University of Michigan, he became dedicated researcher at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research for the rest of his career.
His discovery in 1911 that a chicken tumor was caused by a virus (later named Rous sarcoma virus) led to more discoveries and understanding of the role of viruses in the development of certain types of cancer. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in 1966,[2][3] 55 years after his initial discovery and he remains the oldest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology.[4]
He and Joseph R. Turner studied methods to make use of blood types for blood transfusion. During World War I, they developed a technique for preserving blood sample by using an acid, citrate. This enabled the first practical storage of blood samples for transfusion and was introduced by Oswald H. Robertson at the front line in Belgium in 1917 as the world's first blood bank.
- ^ a b Andrewes, C. H. (1971). "Francis Peyton Rous. 1879-1970". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 17: 643–662. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1971.0025. ISSN 0080-4606. PMID 11615431. S2CID 32825036.
- ^ Cech, Pavel (2010). "Nobel Prize laureates. Francis Peyton Rous (1879-1970)". Casopis Lekaru Ceskych. 149 (12): 619–620. ISSN 0008-7335. PMID 21387589.
- ^ Sulek, K. (1969-06-15). "Nobel prize for Francis Peyton Rous in 1966 for the discovery of carcinogenic viruses and for Charles Huggins for the introduction of hormones for treatment of neoplasms". Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 22 (12): 1161–1162. ISSN 0043-5147. PMID 4896432.
- ^ "Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2022-03-18.