Freedom and People's Rights Movement

The Freedom and People's Rights Movement, Liberty and Civil Right Movement, Free Civil Right Movement (自由民権運動, Jiyū Minken Undō) (abbreviated as Freedom Party (自由党, Jiyūtō)^[2]), Popular Rights Movement, or Autonomy and People's Rights Movement^[3]^: 44 was a Japanese political and social movement for democracy in the 1880s. It pursued the formation of an elected legislature, revision of the Unequal Treaties with the United States and European countries, the institution of civil rights, and the reduction of centralized taxation.^[4]

The Movement prompted the Meiji government to establish a constitution in 1889 and a diet in 1890; on the other hand, it failed to loosen the control of the central government and its demand for true democracy remained unfulfilled, with ultimate power continuing to reside in the Meiji (Chōshū–Satsuma) oligarchy because, among other limitations, under the Meiji Constitution, the first election law enfranchised only men who paid a substantial amount in property taxes, as a result of the Land Tax Reform in 1873.

^ Soeda, Azenbō (2009). A Life Adrift. Routledge. ISBN 9780415592161.
^ Buruma, Ian (2003). Inventing Japan, 1853–1964. Modern Library. ISBN 0-679-64085-1.
^ Driscoll, Mark W. (2020). The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1-4780-1121-7.
^ "Quickening of the people's right movement", Matsuoka, Kiichi (Japanese)

[1] Soeda, Azenbō (2009). A Life Adrift. Routledge. ISBN 9780415592161.

[2] Buruma, Ian (2003). Inventing Japan, 1853–1964. Modern Library. ISBN 0-679-64085-1.

[:6-3] Driscoll, Mark W. (2020). The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1-4780-1121-7.

[4] "Quickening of the people's right movement", Matsuoka, Kiichi (Japanese)

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