Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Names
IUPAC name
2,6-Di-O-phosphono-β-D-fructofuranose
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
MeSH fructose+2,6-bisphosphate
  • InChI=1S/C6H14O12P2/c7-2-6(18-20(13,14)15)5(9)4(8)3(17-6)1-16-19(10,11)12/h3-5,7-9H,1-2H2,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)/t3-,4-,5+,6+/m1/s1 checkY
    Key: YXWOAJXNVLXPMU-ZXXMMSQZSA-N checkY
  • C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@](O1)(CO)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O
Properties
C6H14O12P2
Molar mass 340.114 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, abbreviated Fru-2,6-P2, is a metabolite that allosterically affects the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. [1] Fru-2,6-P2 itself is synthesized and broken down in either direction by the integrated bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK-2/FBPase-2), which also contains a phosphatase domain and is also known as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase.[2] Whether the kinase and phosphatase domains of PFK-2/FBPase-2 are active or inactive depends on the phosphorylation state of the enzyme.

Fructose-6-p-phosphate is phosphorylated by the kinase domain of PFK-2/FBPase-2 to Fru-2,6-P2 when PFK-2/FBPase-2 is active in a dephosphorylated state. This dephosphorylated state is favored by high levels of insulin, which activates the phosphatase domain.

The synthesis of Fru-2,6-P2 is performed through a bifunctional enzyme containing both PFK-2 and FBPase-2, which is dephosphorylated, allowing the PFK-2 portion to phosphorylate fructose 6-phosphate using ATP. The breakdown of Fru-2,6-P2 is catalyzed by the phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme, which allows FBPase-2 to dephosphorylate fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to produce fructose 6-phosphate and Pi.[3]

  1. ^ Alfarouk, Khalid O.; Verduzco, Daniel; Rauch, Cyril; Muddathir, Abdel Khalig; Bashir, Adil H. H.; Elhassan, Gamal O.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E.; Orozco, Julian David Polo; Cardone, Rosa Angela; Reshkin, Stephan J.; Harguindey, Salvador (18 December 2014). "Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer question". Oncoscience. 1 (12): 777–802. doi:10.18632/oncoscience.109. PMC 4303887. PMID 25621294.
  2. ^ Wu C, Khan SA, Peng LJ, Lange AJ (2006). "Roles for fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in the control of fuel metabolism: beyond its allosteric effects on glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes". Adv. Enzyme Regul. 46 (1): 72–88. doi:10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.010. PMID 16860376.
  3. ^ Kurland IJ, Pilkis SJ (June 1995). "Covalent control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: insights into autoregulation of a bifunctional enzyme". Protein Sci. 4 (6): 1023–37. doi:10.1002/pro.5560040601. PMC 2143155. PMID 7549867.