Fumonisin B1

Fumonisin B1
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name (2S,2′S)-2,2′-[(5S,6R,7R,9R,11S,16R,18S,19S)-19-Amino-11,16,18-trihydroxy-5,9-dimethylicosane-6,7-diyl]bis[oxy(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)]dibutanedioic acid
	Other names Macrofusine
Identifiers
CAS Number	116355-83-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.150.289
KEGG	C19241 ;
PubChem CID	62314;
UNII	3ZZM97XZ32 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6020644 ;
	InChI InChI=1/C34H59NO15/c1-5-6-9-20(3)32(50-31(44)17-23(34(47)48)15-29(41)42)27(49-30(43)16-22(33(45)46)14-28(39)40)13-19(2)12-24(36)10-7-8-11-25(37)18-26(38)21(4)35/h19-27,32,36-38H,5-18,35H2,1-4H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,45,46)(H,47,48) Key: UVBUBMSSQKOIBE-UHFFFAOYAH;
	SMILES O=C(O)CC(C(=O)O)CC(=O)OC(C(C)CCCC)C(OC(=O)CC(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(C)CC(O)CCCCC(O)CC(O)C(N)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C34H59NO15
Molar mass	721.838 g·mol−1
Appearance	White to off-white powder
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Fumonisin B₁ is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by multiple species of Fusarium molds, such as Fusarium verticillioides, which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple.

Fumonisin B₁ is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfunction.