GLASS-z12

GLASS-z12
Close-up view of GLASS-z12 from the James Webb Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationSculptor
Right ascension00h 13m 59.76s[1]
Declination−30° 19′ 29.1″[1]
Redshift12.117±0.012 (spectroscopic)[2]
12.4+0.1
−0.3[1]
12.42+0.27
−0.14[3]
12.28+0.08
−0.07[4]
Distance
Apparent magnitude (V)27.0 AB (F200W)[1]
Characteristics
Mass≈1.0×109 M☉
Size~3000 ly (1 kpc)
Half-light radius (physical)500 pc
Other designations
GHZ2[6][7] · GLASS-17487[3]
References: [1]
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GLASS-z12 (formerly known as GLASS-z13) is a Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) observing program using the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam in July 2022.[8][9] Spectroscopic observations of GLASS-z12 by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in August 2022 confirmed that the galaxy has a spectroscopic redshift of 12.117±0.012, making it one of the earliest and most distant galaxies ever discovered, dating back to just 350 million years after the Big Bang, 13.6 billion years ago.[10][5] ALMA observations detected an emission line associated with doubly ionized oxygen (O III) at 258.7 GHz with a significance of 5σ, suggesting that there is very low dust content in GLASS-z12, if not the early universe as well.[2] Also based on oxygen-related measurements, the age of the galaxy is confirmed.[11][12]

GLASS-z12 derives its name from the GLASS survey that discovered it and its estimated photometric redshift of approximately z = 12.4+0.1
−0.3.[1] GLASS-z12 was initially announced as GLASS-z13 because it was thought to have a higher redshift of z = 13.1.[7][2] This redshift value was later revised down to z = 12.4 in October 2022, resulting in the renaming of this galaxy.[1]

GLASS-z12 has a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.6 billion years.[5] However, due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is 33.2 billion light-years.[5] It was discovered alongside another galaxy, GLASS-z10, comparable to GN-z11, also one of the oldest galaxies discovered.[10]

Color composite of JWST-NIRCam images showing GLASS-z12 as a red dot among other galaxies
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference Naidu2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Bakx2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Donnan2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Harikane2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Wright was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Castellano2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference TheAtlantic was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (20 July 2022). "JWST has found the oldest galaxy we have ever seen in the universe - Discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope are pouring in, with an analysis of the latest data revealing a galaxy that dates back to just 300 million years after the big bang – the oldest we have ever seen". New Scientist. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference SA-20220914 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference NASA2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Staff (25 January 2023). "Astronomers confirm age of most distant galaxy using oxygen". Phys.org. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  12. ^ Bakx, Tom J.L.C.; et al. (23 December 2022). "Deep ALMA redshift search of a z ~ 12 GLASS-JWST galaxy candidate". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5076–5085. arXiv:2208.13642. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3723. Retrieved 26 January 2023.