 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2019) |
| GNLY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | GNLY, 519, D2S69E, LAG-2, LAG2, NKG5, TLA519, granulysin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 188855; HomoloGene: 136805; GeneCards: GNLY; OMA:GNLY - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Granulysin (GNLY) is a protein expressed in most mammals which functions as an antimicrobial peptide released by killer lymphocytes in cytotoxic granules.[3][4] It is a pore-forming peptide, as it can puncture a microbial cell wall, allowing for other death-inducing enzymes to enter the microbe and cause microptosis.[3] GNLY is inhibited by cholesterol, and is most effective in helping to kill cholesterol-deficient microbes.[5]
It is part of the saponin-like protein family, and its gene is found on the 2nd chromosome in humans.[3] It is distinguished by its 5 α-helical structure. Its expression is restricted to cytotoxic immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and γδ T cells.[4][3] Orthologs of this protein are found in most mammal species, such as in cows and pigs, however not in rodents.[5][3][4]
Granulysin is also an active player in many diseases, including Leprosy and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.[3]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115523 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c d e f Dotiwala F, Lieberman J (October 2019). "Granulysin: killer lymphocyte safeguard against microbes". Current Opinion in Immunology. 60: 19–29. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.013. PMC 6800608. PMID 31112765.
- ^ a b c Liu X, Lieberman J (April 2020). "Knocking 'em Dead: Pore-Forming Proteins in Immune Defense". Annual Review of Immunology. 38 (1): 455–485. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-111319-023800. PMC 7260445. PMID 32004099.
- ^ a b Sparrow E, Bodman-Smith MD (January 2020). "Granulysin: The attractive side of a natural born killer" (PDF). Immunology Letters. 217: 126–132. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.005. PMID 31726187. S2CID 208036617.