Gallic acid

Gallic acid
Skeletal formula
Space-filling model of gallic acid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
Other names
Gallic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.228 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 205-749-9
KEGG
RTECS number
  • LW7525000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C7H6O5/c8-4-1-3(7(11)12)2-5(9)6(4)10/h1-2,8-10H,(H,11,12) checkY
    Key: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C7H6O5/c8-4-1-3(7(11)12)2-5(9)6(4)10/h1-2,8-10H,(H,11,12)
    Key: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYAN
  • O=C(O)c1cc(O)c(O)c(O)c1
Properties
C7H6O5
Molar mass 170.12 g/mol
Appearance White, yellowish-white, or
pale fawn-colored crystals.
Density 1.694 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
Melting point 260 °C (500 °F; 533 K)
1.19 g/100 mL, 20°C (anhydrous)
1.5 g/100 mL, 20 °C (monohydrate)
Solubility soluble in alcohol, ether, glycerol, acetone
negligible in benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether
log P 0.70
Acidity (pKa) COOH: 4.5, OH: 10.
-90.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
5000 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS
Related compounds
Related
phenols,
carboxylic acids
Related compounds
 Benzoic acid, Phenol, Pyrogallol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants.[1] It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".

Its name is derived from oak galls, which were historically used to prepare tannic acid. Despite the name, gallic acid does not contain gallium.

  1. ^ Haslam, E.; Cai, Y. (1994). "Plant polyphenols (vegetable tannins): Gallic acid metabolism". Natural Product Reports. 11 (1): 41–66. doi:10.1039/NP9941100041. PMID 15206456.