A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides.
The name ganglioside was first applied by the German scientist Ernst Klenk in 1942 to lipids newly isolated from ganglion cells of the brain.[1] More than 60 gangliosides are known, which differ from each other mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events, and appears to concentrate in lipid rafts[2][3].
Recently, gangliosides have been found to be highly important molecules in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.[4]
- ^ "Gangliosides, structure, occurrence, biology and analysis". Lipid Library. The American Oil Chemists' Society. Archived from the original on 2009-12-17.
- ^ Hakomori S (2002). "Glycosylation defining cancer malignancy: new wine in an old bottle". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 (16): 10231–3. doi:10.1073/pnas.172380699. PMC 124893. PMID 12149519.
- ^ Ruzzi F, Cappello C, Semprini MS, Scalambra L, Angelicola S, Pittino OM; et al. (2024). "Lipid rafts, caveolae, and epidermal growth factor receptor family: friends or foes?". Cell Commun Signal. 22 (1): 489. doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01876-4. PMC 11468060. PMID 39394159.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Mocchetti I (2005). "Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophins". Cell Mol Life Sci. 62 (19–20): 2283–94. doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5188-y. PMC 11139125. PMID 16158191. S2CID 28652906.