高昌 قۇچۇ | |
 | |
  Shown within Xinjiang  Gaochang (China) | |
| Location | Sanbu Township, Turpan, Xinjiang, China |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 42°51′10″N 89°31′45″E / 42.85278°N 89.52917°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | In ruins |
Gaochang[1] (Chinese: 高昌; pinyin: Gāochāng; Old Uyghur: Qocho), also called Khocho,[2] Karakhoja, Qara-hoja, Kara-Khoja or Karahoja (قاراغوجا in Uyghur), was a ruined ancient oasis city on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in present-day Sanbu Township, Xinjiang, China.[3] The site is also known in published reports as Chotscho, Khocho, Qocho or Qočo. During the Yuan dynasty and Ming dynasty, Gaochang was referred to as "Halahezhuo" (哈拉和卓) (Qara-khoja) and Huozhou. Artistic depictions of the city have been published by Albert von Le Coq. Gaochang is considered in some sources to have been a "Chinese colony",[4][5] that is, it was located in a region otherwise occupied at the time by West Eurasian peoples.
A busy trading center, it was a stopping point for merchant traders traveling on the Silk Road. It was destroyed in wars during the 14th century and old palace ruins and inside and outside cities can still be seen today. Along with other sites along the historic Silk Road, Gaocheng was inscribed in 2014 on the UNESCO World Heritage List as the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor World Heritage Site.[6]
Near Gaochang is another major archeological site: the Astana tombs.
- ^ Charles Eliot (January 4, 2016). Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch. Sai ePublications & Sai Shop. pp. 1075–. GGKEY:4TQAY7XLN48.
- ^ "Virtual Art Exhibit - The Uighurs". depts.washington.edu. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
- ^ 冯涛 (2006). "高昌故城保护工程简述". 文博.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
louiswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Jacques Gernet (1996). A history of Chinese civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 253. ISBN 0-521-49781-7. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
- ^ "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved April 17, 2021.