Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

GIP
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2L71, 2B4N, 2OBU, 2QKH, 2L70, 1T5Q
Identifiers
Aliases	GIP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide
External IDs	OMIM: 137240; MGI: 107504; HomoloGene: 3043; GeneCards: GIP; OMA:GIP - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	48,968,596 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	95,921,657 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	jejunal mucosa; ; duodenum; ; gonad; ; testicle; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; pancreatic ductal cell; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; sural nerve; ; placenta; ; liver;
	Top expressed in
	duodenum; ; crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine; ; jejunum; ; intestinal epithelium; ; epithelium of small intestine; ; intestinal villus; ; embryo; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; morula; ; corneal stroma;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity; protein binding; signaling receptor binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; soma; secretory granule lumen; extracellular space;
Biological process	response to selenium ion; response to amino acid; response to organic cyclic compound; digestive system development; regulation of insulin secretion; adult locomotory behavior; female pregnancy; response to peptide hormone; positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; memory; response to glucose; response to lipid; response to nutrient levels; positive regulation of synaptic transmission; exploration behavior; response to axon injury; response to starvation; sensory perception of pain; positive regulation of glucagon secretion; positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport; response to carbohydrate; triglyceride homeostasis; signal transduction; response to acidic pH; endocrine pancreas development; positive regulation of insulin secretion; long-term potentiation; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2695
	14607
	ENSG00000159224
	ENSMUSG00000014351
	P09681
	P48756
	NM_004123
	NM_008119
	NP_004114
	NP_032145
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones.^[5] While it is a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, its main role, being an incretin, is to stimulate insulin secretion.^[6]

GIP, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to a class of molecules referred to as incretins,^[7] which stimulate insulin release on oral food intake.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159224 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000014351 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Meier JJ, Nauck MA (2005). "Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in biology and pathology". Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 21 (2): 91–117. doi:10.1002/dmrr.538. PMID 15759282. S2CID 39547553.
^ Pederson RA, McIntosh CH (2016). "Discovery of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and its subsequent fate: Personal reflections". Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 7 (Suppl 1): 4–7. doi:10.1111/jdi.12480. PMC 4854497. PMID 27186348.
^ Efendic S, Portwood N (2004). "Overview of incretin hormones". Hormone and Metabolic Research. 36 (11–12): 742–6. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826157. PMID 15655702. S2CID 11634548.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159224 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000014351 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid15759282-5] Meier JJ, Nauck MA (2005). "Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in biology and pathology". Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 21 (2): 91–117. doi:10.1002/dmrr.538. PMID 15759282. S2CID 39547553.

[pmid27186348-6] Pederson RA, McIntosh CH (2016). "Discovery of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and its subsequent fate: Personal reflections". Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 7 (Suppl 1): 4–7. doi:10.1111/jdi.12480. PMC 4854497. PMID 27186348.

[pmid15655702-7] Efendic S, Portwood N (2004). "Overview of incretin hormones". Hormone and Metabolic Research. 36 (11–12): 742–6. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826157. PMID 15655702. S2CID 11634548.

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