Gastrinoma

Gastrinoma
Micrograph of a neuroendocrine tumour of the stomach. H&E stain.
SpecialtyGeneral surgery

Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), usually located in the duodenum or pancreas, that secrete gastrin and cause a clinical syndrome known as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES).[1][2][3] A large number of gastrinomas develop in the pancreas or duodenum, with near-equal frequency, and approximately 10% arise as primary neoplasms in lymph nodes of the pancreaticoduodenal region (gastrinoma triangle).[4]

Most gastrinomas are sporadic (75–80%), whereas approximately 20–25% are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1).[5] Over 50% of gastrinomas are malignant and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes and liver. One fourth of gastrinomas are related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, peptic ulcer disease.[6]

  1. ^ Jensen, Robert T.; Niederle, Bruno; Mitry, Emmanuel; Ramage, John K.; Steinmüller, Thomas; Lewington, V.; Scarpa, Aldo; Sundin, Anders; Perren, Aurel; Gross, David; O’Connor, Juan M. (2006). "Gastrinoma (Duodenal and Pancreatic)". Neuroendocrinology. 84 (3): 173–182. doi:10.1159/000098009. ISSN 0028-3835. PMID 17312377. S2CID 5096249.
  2. ^ Feelders, Richard A.; Hofland, Leo J.; Kwekkeboom, Dik J.; Lamberts, StevenW.; de Herder, Wouter W. (2012). "Neuroendocrine Tumors". Handbook of Neuroendocrinology. Elsevier. pp. 761–778. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375097-6.10035-6. ISBN 9780123750976. Gastrinomas overproduce gastrin, resulting in increased gastric acid production, which in turn leads to the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, characterized by (severe) peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux and diarrhea.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cingam Botejue Hoilat Karanchi 2022 p. was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Yantiss, RHONDA K.; Antonioli, DONALD A. (2009-01-01), Odze, ROBERT D.; Goldblum, JOHN R. (eds.), "CHAPTER 18 – Polyps of the Small Intestine", Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas (Second Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, p. 473, ISBN 978-1-4160-4059-0, retrieved 2020-12-18
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).