Genome editing

The different generations of nucleases used for genome editing and the DNA repair pathways used to modify target DNA.

Genome editing, or genome engineering, or gene editing, is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism. Unlike early genetic engineering techniques that randomly inserts genetic material into a host genome, genome editing targets the insertions to site-specific locations. The basic mechanism involved in genetic manipulations through programmable nucleases is the recognition of target genomic loci and binding of effector DNA-binding domain (DBD), double-strand breaks (DSBs) in target DNA by the restriction endonucleases (FokI and Cas), and the repair of DSBs through homology-directed recombination (HDR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).[1][2]

  1. ^ Saurabh S (March 2021). "Genome Editing: Revolutionizing the Crop Improvement". Plant Molecular Biology Reporte. 39 (4): 752–772. doi:10.1007/s11105-021-01286-7. S2CID 233713026.
  2. ^ Bak, Rasmus O.; Gomez-Ospina, Natalia; Porteus, Matthew H. (August 2018). "Gene Editing on Center Stage". Trends in Genetics. 34 (8): 600–611. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2018.05.004. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 29908711. S2CID 49269023.