Gentry (from Old French genterie, from gentil 'high-born, noble') are "well-born, genteel and well-bred people" of high social class, especially in the past.[1][2] Gentry, in its widest connotation, refers to people of good social position connected to landed estates (see manorialism), upper levels of the clergy, or "gentle" families of long descent who in some cases never obtained the official right to bear a coat of arms. The gentry largely consisted of landowners who could live entirely from rental income or at least had a country estate; some were gentleman farmers. In the United Kingdom, the term gentry refers to the landed gentry: the majority of the land-owning social class who typically had a coat of arms but did not have a peerage. The adjective "patrician" ("of or like a person of high social rank")[3] describes in comparison other analogous traditional social elite strata based in cities, such as the free cities of Italy (Venice and Genoa) and the free imperial cities of Germany, Switzerland, and the Hanseatic League.[a]
The term "gentry" by itself, so Peter Coss argues, is a construct that historians have applied loosely to rather different societies. Any particular model may not fit a specific society, but some scholars prefer a single, unified term.[4][5]
- ^ "Gentry". Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ^ "Gentry". English Dictionary. Oxford.[dead link]
- ^ "Patrician". Dictionary. Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
- ^ "The Origins of the English Gentry". Reviews in History. Archived from the original on 2018-06-27. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
- ^ "The Origins of the English Gentry Peter Coss" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
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