Geographic information retrieval

Geographic information retrieval (GIR) or geographical information retrieval systems are search tools for searching the Web, enterprise documents, and mobile local search that combine traditional text-based queries with location querying, such as a map or placenames. Like traditional information retrieval systems, GIR systems index text and information from structured and unstructured documents, and also augment those indices with geographic information. The development and engineering of GIR systems aims to build systems that can reliably answer queries that include a geographic dimension, such as "What wars were fought in Greece?" or "restaurants in Beirut".[1] Semantic similarity and word-sense disambiguation are important components of GIR.[2] To identify place names, GIR systems often rely on natural language processing[3] or other metadata to associate text documents with locations. Such georeferencing, geotagging, and geoparsing tools often need databases of location names, known as gazetteers.[4][5][6][7]

  1. ^ Purves, Ross; Jones, Christopher (2011-07-01). "Geographic Information Retrieval". SIGSPATIAL Special. 3 (2): 2–4. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.130.3521. doi:10.1145/2047296.2047297. ISSN 1946-7729. S2CID 1940653.
  2. ^ Kuhn, Werner; Raubal, Martin; Janowicz, Krzysztof (2011-05-25). "The semantics of similarity in geographic information retrieval | Janowicz | Journal of Spatial Information Science". Journal of Spatial Information Science. 2011 (2): 29–57. doi:10.5311/JOSIS.2011.2.26 (inactive 2024-09-06). Retrieved 2015-09-12.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (link)
  3. ^ "MetaCarta: Putting Natural Language on the Map". GIS Monitor. 2003-08-21. Archived from the original on 2003-10-03.
  4. ^ Smith, Susan. "The Space Between Maps, Search and Content".
  5. ^ Dinan, Elizabeth (2003-11-10). "Ware-Withal: MIT-rooted MetaCarta stakes its claim with automatic geoparsing software".
  6. ^ "MetaCarta Unveils First Geo-referencing Solution to Support Arabic and Spanish Languages". 2007-06-20.
  7. ^ Frank, John; Warren, Bob. "Locating All Content" (PDF).