George Boole

"Boole" redirects here. For other uses, see Boole (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with George Boolos.

George Boole
FRS
Portrait of Boole, from
The Illustrated London News, 21 January 1865
Born(1815-11-02)2 November 1815
Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England
Died8 December 1864(1864-12-08) (aged 49)
Ballintemple, Cork, Ireland
EducationBainbridge's Commercial Academy[1]
Known for
Spouse
​
(m. 1855)​
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
Institutions
Philosophy career
Era19th-century philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
SchoolBritish algebraic logic[3]
Main interests
Mathematics, logic, philosophy of mathematics

George Boole Jnr FRS (/buːl/; 2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was a largely self-taught English mathematician, philosopher and logician, most of whose short career was spent as the first professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Cork in Ireland. He worked in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, and is best known as the author of The Laws of Thought (1854), which contains Boolean algebra. Boolean logic, essential to computer programming,[4] is credited with helping to lay the foundations for the Information Age.[5][6][7]

Boole was the son of a shoemaker. He received a primary school education and learned Latin and modern languages through various means. At 16, he began teaching to support his family. He established his own school at 19 and later ran a boarding school in Lincoln. Boole was an active member of local societies and collaborated with fellow mathematicians.

In 1849, Boole was appointed the first professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Cork (now University College Cork) in Ireland, where he met his future wife, Mary Everest. He continued his involvement in social causes and maintained connections with Lincoln. In 1864, Boole died due to fever-induced pleural effusion after developing pneumonia.

Boole published around 50 articles and several separate publications in his lifetime. Some of his key works include a paper on early invariant theory and "The Mathematical Analysis of Logic," which introduced symbolic logic. Boole also wrote two systematic treatises: "Treatise on Differential Equations" and "Treatise on the Calculus of Finite Differences." He contributed to the theory of linear differential equations and the study of the sum of residues of a rational function. In 1847, Boole developed Boolean algebra, a fundamental concept in binary logic, which laid the groundwork for the algebra of logic tradition and forms the foundation of digital circuit design and modern computer science. Boole also attempted to discover a general method in probabilities, focusing on determining the consequent probability of events logically connected to given probabilities. His work was expanded upon by various scholars, such as Charles Sanders Peirce and William Stanley Jevons. Boole's ideas later gained practical applications when Claude Shannon and Victor Shestakov employed Boolean algebra to optimize the design of electromechanical relay systems, leading to the development of modern electronic digital computers. University College Cork celebrated the 200th anniversary of Boole's birth in 2015, highlighting his significant impact on the digital age.

Boole's contributions to mathematics earned him various honours, including the Royal Society's first gold prize for mathematics, the Keith Medal, and honorary degrees from the Universities of Dublin and Oxford.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference MacTutor was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hill149 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Ivor Grattan-Guinness (ed.), Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences, Routledge, 2002, ch. 5.1.
  4. ^ Klein, Michael (21 March 2022). "What Boolean Logic Is & How It's Used In Programming". Codecademy. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Commemoration was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Nahin, Paul J. (2012). The Logician and the Engineer: How George Boole and Claude Shannon Created the Information Age. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691176000. JSTOR j.cttq957s.
  7. ^ Mulcahy, Colm (1 November 2015). "The Bicentennial of George Boole, the Man Who Laid the Foundations of the Digital Age". Scientific American Blog Network. Retrieved 30 September 2023.