Ghanaian bat henipavirus

Ghanaian bat henipavirus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Class:	Monjiviricetes
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Paramyxoviridae
Genus:	Henipavirus
Species:	Ghanaian bat henipavirus

Ghanaian bat henipavirus (also known Kumasi virus (KV) belongs to the genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Human infections are caused by zoonotic events where the virus crosses over from another animal species. Therefore, humans are not the innate host for this virus family but instead become infected by peripheral viral reservoirs such as bats and other carriers of the virus. When these virus are spread to humans through zoonotic events they have been found to be one of the most deadly viruses with the capability to infect humans, with mortality rates between 50 and 100%. Therefore, these viruses have been classified as a biosafety level four (BSL-4) virus with regards to its pathogenesis when it infects humans.^[1]

Compared to other henipaviruses, KV exhibits reduced surface expression of the attachment glycoprotein (KV-G). It is likely that KV-G expression is delayed in the endoplasmic reticulum and is not exported as readily to the cell surface due to defects in higher-order oligomerization. This may lead to reduced pathogenicity.^[2]

^ Stewart, Cameron R.; Deffrasnes, Celine; Foo, Chwan Hong; Bean, Andrew G. D.; Wang, Lin-Fa (2018), Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark (eds.), "A Functional Genomics Approach to Henipavirus Research: The Role of Nuclear Proteins, MicroRNAs and Immune Regulators in Infection and Disease", Roles of Host Gene and Non-coding RNA Expression in Virus Infection, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 419, Springer International Publishing: 191–213, doi:10.1007/82_2017_28, ISBN 978-3-030-05369-7, PMC 7122743, PMID 28674944
^ Behner, Laura; Zimmermann, Louisa; Ringel, Marc; Weis, Michael; Maisner, Andrea (2018-05-01). "Formation of high-order oligomers is required for functional bioactivity of an African bat henipavirus surface glycoprotein". Veterinary Microbiology. 218: 90–97. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.031. ISSN 0378-1135. PMID 29685227.

[1] Stewart, Cameron R.; Deffrasnes, Celine; Foo, Chwan Hong; Bean, Andrew G. D.; Wang, Lin-Fa (2018), Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark (eds.), "A Functional Genomics Approach to Henipavirus Research: The Role of Nuclear Proteins, MicroRNAs and Immune Regulators in Infection and Disease", Roles of Host Gene and Non-coding RNA Expression in Virus Infection, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 419, Springer International Publishing: 191–213, doi:10.1007/82_2017_28, ISBN 978-3-030-05369-7, PMC 7122743, PMID 28674944

[2] Behner, Laura; Zimmermann, Louisa; Ringel, Marc; Weis, Michael; Maisner, Andrea (2018-05-01). "Formation of high-order oligomers is required for functional bioactivity of an African bat henipavirus surface glycoprotein". Veterinary Microbiology. 218: 90–97. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.031. ISSN 0378-1135. PMID 29685227.

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