Gibraltarian English

Not to be confused with the Llanito vernacular.

Gibraltarian English
"DO NOT OBSTRUCT ENTRANCE. DOUBLE BUGGY ACCESS."
A sign in Gibraltar.
Native toUnited Kingdom
RegionGibraltar
EthnicityGibraltarians
Early forms
English alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
IETFen-GI
English is the official language of Gibraltar.

Gibraltarian English (abbreviated GibE) denotes the accent of English spoken in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.[1][2][3][4] The English language has been present at Gibraltar for approximately 300 years, and during these centuries English has mixed with diverse languages, particularly Andalusian Spanish.[5] Gibraltarian English has become a subject of study for linguists interested in how English and other languages mix.[6] While the primary language of Gibraltarians is a variety of Andalusian Spanish called Llanito or Yanito, Gibraltarian English has become more prominent, and there has been a theory proposed that this variety of English is becoming "nativised".[6] Gibraltarian English is similar in many respects to British English, particularly southern varieties.

  1. ^ Levey, David (2008). Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-1862-9. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  2. ^ Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar, David Levey, John Benjamins Publishing, 2008, page 99+, Gibraltarian English: Vowels and Diphthongs (chapter 5), Retrieved Aug. 28, 2014, (Gibraltarian English studied by linguists)
  3. ^ A New New English: Language, Politics, and Identity in Gibraltar, Anja Kellermann, BoD – Books on Demand, 2001, Some Axioms of the Analysis of 'Gibraltarian English', Retrieved Aug. 28, 2014
  4. ^ Weston, Daniel (2011). "Gibraltar's position in the Dynamic Model of Postcolonial English". English World-Wide. 32 (3): 338–367. doi:10.1075/eww.32.3.04wes.
  5. ^ Gibraltar, Identity and Empire, E.G. Archer, Routledge, Jan 11, 2013, Language and the community, Retrieved Aug. 28, 2014
  6. ^ a b Bergs, Alexander; Brinton, Laurel J.: English Historical Linguistics, Volume 2, Alexander Bergs, Laurel J. Brinton, Walter de Gruyter, Oct 1, 2012 English in contact with other European languages, Retrieved Aug. 28 2014