Gideon B. Smith (1793 – March 24, 1867) was an American physician and amateur entomologist who studied the breeding biology of the 13-year and 17-year cicadas by gathering information from correspondents across the US. He was a friend and physician of John James Audubon who named a bird as "Smith's Lark Bunting", now known as Smith's longspur (Calcarius pictus). Smith was also involved in sericulture and patented inventions in the field.